Combined effect of microwave and ultrasonication treatments on the quality and stability of sugarcane juice during cold storage

The main objective of this study was to investigate the combined effect of microwave (MW) treatment (2450 MHz for 120 s), ultrasonication (US) (24 KHz, 20 °C for 20 min) and combined treatment (MW-US) on the quality and stability of sugarcane juice (SCJ) during 21 days of storage at 4 °C. The effect of the treatments and storage time on physicochemical, bioactive compounds (total phenolic, flavonoids and ascorbic acid content) and microbial analysis of SCJ. No significant (P < 0.05) changes were observed in °Brix, while there was an increase in pH and a decrease in titratable acidity in all treatments. Compared to US and MW, MW-US treatments was more effective in preserving colour attributes, total phenolic and flavonoids contents, ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacities of the SCJ during storage. The results regarding the microbial count indicate that more microbial safety and longer shelf life was achieved by MW-US. MW-US treatment is an effective technology for improving the safety and shelf life of SCJ by minimising quality changes, retaining bioactive compounds and reducing microbial growth during storage.     

铁矿石冶金性能对高炉生产的影响

铁矿石的冶金性能是影响高炉顺利生产的重要因素,尤其对高炉透气性和燃料比影响最大。对铁矿石的低温还原粉化、爆裂性能、中温还原性和高温软化熔滴性能等冶金性能对高炉透气性和燃料比的影响进行了研究,结果表明高炉透气性随着铁矿石低温还原粉化指标RDI+3. 15的增高和爆裂性能及高温软化熔滴性能的降低而增加,另外高炉燃料比会随着中温还原性能的提高而降低。     

工业园区混合能源优化配置方法应用与实践

为了充分挖掘多能源之间的互补潜力,使工业园区混合能源系统的配置方式由传统粗放式转变为精确优化配置并降低系统配置方案的保守性,基于粒子群联合CPLEX求解算法对工业园区的系统配置和运行调度方案进行分析优化,并以某生物园区为例进行了实例分析,得到了目标函数下的最优设计方案和运行策略。仿真分析结果表明,优化配置方法的应用能够协调冷热电多种能源的混合利用,提升系统的综合经济性。同时,为工业园区能源供应项目的规划、设计提供参考性支撑,丰富设计手段。     

A simulation study of reduction kinetics for sponge iron production in a rotary hearth furnace

ABSTRACT

A mathematical model has been developed by coupling genetic algorithm (GA) with heat and material balance equations to estimate rate parameters and solid-phase evolution related to the reduction of iron ore-coal composite pellets in a multi-layer bed Rotary hearth Furnace (RHF). The present process involves treating iron ore-coal composite pellets in a crucible over the hearth in RHF. The various solid phases evolved at the end of the process are estimated experimentally, and are used in conjunction with the model to estimate rate parameters. The predicted apparent activation energy for the wustite reduction step is found to be lower than those of the reduction of higher oxides. The thermal efficiency is found to decrease significantly with an increase in the carbon content of the pellet. Thermal efficiency was also found to increase mildly up to three layers. Multilayer bed remains as a potential design parameter to increase thermal efficiency.     

直接还原转底炉转速控制系统设计

直接还原转底炉因其工艺独特,能够有效处理冶金污泥粉尘、红土镍矿、复杂难选矿等物料,日益受到治金行业的关注。直接还原转底炉工艺控制最核心部分之一就是还原物料的周期,即必须按照生产工艺的要求的时间完成一个旋转周期,转速控制精度要求高,误差小。文章介绍了直接还原转底炉液压系统原理、控制系统组成、程序设计。     

关于高炉炉缸长寿的关键问题解析

 高炉长寿化是大型高炉发展的必然趋势,实现高炉长寿的关键在于弄清高炉侵蚀的根本原因。从高炉炉缸侵蚀机理、高炉炉缸象脚型侵蚀原因、高炉炉缸圆周方向侵蚀不均匀性、高炉冷却强度与冷却效率以及高炉炉缸维护技术等5个方面探讨了高炉长寿存在的共性问题,指出高炉炉缸炭砖损毁的本质是碳不饱和铁水对炭砖的溶蚀。具体结果表明,首先,高炉炉缸象脚型侵蚀最严重部位位于高炉炉缸死料柱的根部位置;其次,阐明了直接导致高炉存在不均匀侵蚀的主要原因在于冷却系统的冷却水量和送风系统的风量在高炉周向方向分配不均匀;然后,阐明了冷却系统的作用本质是降低耐火材料热面温度,并提出了高炉冷却强度指数及高炉冷却效率指数;最后,分析了采用无钛矿护炉和钛矿护炉两种模式的高炉炉缸维护技术。     

移动加热源法制备单层硒化镓晶体

为了解决硒化镓(GaSe)晶体制备困难、化学性能差的问题,对GaSe晶体传统的化学汽相沉积制备方法进行了改进,采用移动加热源法制备GaSe晶体。搭建了GaSe晶体的制备装置,通过单片机精确调控制备晶体的高温炉的加热温度、移动位置等参数,并采用光学显微镜和原子力显微镜对所制备的GaSe晶体进行辅助表征。研究表明,利用移动加热源法可以制备出表面光滑且尺寸较大的单层二维GaSe晶体。由于对机电设备实现了自动精密移动,可对单层二维GaSe晶体实现高质量大批量的制备,有利于GaSe晶体在光电子学和纳电子学中的广泛应用。     

Geometric optimization of trapezoidal thermoelectric heat pump considering contact resistances through genetic algorithm

An alternate option for improving the performance of the thermoelectric heat pump (TEHP) is the variation in thermoelectric leg configuration. In this paper, the thermodynamic model based on first and second law of thermodynamics for an exoreversible TEHP including influence of Thomson effect as well as leg geometry on the coefficient of performance and heating load of the device has been developed and optimized. Modified expressions have been derived analytically for dimensionless heating load, irreversibilities, figure of merit, energy, and exergy efficiency. The effects of operating and geometry parameters such as shape parameter (A_c/A_h), temperature ratio (T_c/T_h), Thomson effect, thermal and electrical contact resistances on the coefficient of performance, and heating load of the TEHP have been analysed. The results indicate that the Thomson effect has adverse effect on heating load of the system. The optimal parameters obtained through GA optimization process have been compared with the optimal parameters obtained through analytical method which proved the validity of GA optimization method for optimization of TEHP. After the testing, the GA optimization has been performed to determine the optimum parameters corresponding to maximum energy efficiency and maximum heating load. It was found that the GA population converges quickly after 20 runs only which proved the GA as time and cost‐effective optimization tool. This study will be useful for designing of practical TEHP systems of different leg geometries.     

高温烟气中煤焦气化行为

针对高温烟气中煤焦的气化行为，本文采用FactSage 6.1计算了煤焦在高温烟气下的高温反应特性，并利用热重分析仪分析了煤焦气化行为。通过沉降炉实验进一步研究了不同温度、气体配比、粒径条件下气体产物的动态析出特性，同时计算了评价指标α、β、LHV值。结果表明：随着温度的升高，气体产物H₂和CO的含量增加，β、α、LHV值增大，CH₄和CO₂的含量下降。在温度为1200℃时，β、α值分别由CO₂/CO比为10∶70时的10.80%、5.21%增加到CO₂/CO比为50∶30时的24.71%、41.06%。同时，随着CO₂/CO比值的增大，高温烟气对煤焦气化反应抑制减弱。通过对比反应温度和粒径对煤焦气化反应的影响，得出反应温度远大于粒径对煤焦气化反应的影响。通过实验验证了向高温烟气中喷吹煤焦制备高品质可燃气体方法的可行性。